Here’s the recommended CNC parameters for different types of materials.

Please remember that these recommendations are just for reference. Adjust parameters based on material properties and machine capabilities for optimal results!

Wood (Softwood/Hardwood)  

• Spindle Speed: 8000–10000 RPM  
• Feed Rate: 600–1200 mm/min  
• Cutting Depth: 0.5–2 mm (deeper for softwood, shallower for hardwood)  
• Tool Recommendation: 2-flute bits or end mills (3–6mm diameter); spiral bits for hardwood to reduce burrs.  

Notes:  

• Reduce feed rate for hardwoods (e.g., oak, walnut) to prevent tool overheating.  
• Engrave along the wood grain to minimize chipping; reduce cutting depth when engraving against the grain.  

Plastics (Acrylic, ABS, PVC)

• Spindle Speed: 10000 RPM  
• Feed Rate: 500–1000 mm/min  
• Cutting Depth: 0.3–2 mm  
• Tool Recommendation: Single or double-flute spiral bits (sharp edges to prevent melting).  

Notes:  

• Acrylic melts easily—use high speed + low feed rate with compressed air cooling.  
• PVC may release toxic fumes; ensure ventilation or wear a respirator.  

Metals (Aluminum, Brass)

• Spindle Speed: 6000–10000 RPM (aluminum); 3000–6000 RPM (brass)  
• Feed Rate: 200–500 mm/min  
• Cutting Depth: 0.1–0.5 mm (use multiple shallow passes).  
• Tool Recommendation: Carbide-coated end mills (4-flute or aluminum-specific tools).  

Notes:  

• Always use cutting fluid or lubricant (e.g., WD-40) for cooling.  
• Avoid excessive tool overhang to prevent vibration and breakage.  

Composites (PCB Circuit Boards)  

• Spindle Speed: 10000 RPM  
• Feed Rate: 200–400 mm/min  
• Cutting Depth: 0.05–0.2 mm (fine engraving).  
• Tool Recommendation: Tungsten carbide V-bits (0.2–0.8mm) or PCB-specific drill bits.  

Notes:  

• Clean dust promptly to avoid short circuits or inhalation risks.  
• Engrave multi-layer boards in stages with incremental depths.  

General Tips

• Test & Adjust: Always test on scrap material first and fine-tune parameters.  
• Tool Maintenance: Replace worn tools to avoid material burning or tool breakage.  
• Cooling/Dust Control: Use coolant for metals/plastics; dust extraction for wood/stone.  
• Layered Engraving: Divide deep cuts into multiple passes to reduce machine strain.  

Safety Reminders

• Wear safety goggles and a dust mask.  
• Securely clamp materials to prevent shifting.  
• Avoid continuous heavy-duty operation; let the machine rest intermittently.  

Recommended CNC router bits:

CNC Router Bits Essential Kit | 1/8" Shank

CNC Router Bits Essential Kit | 1/4" Shank

CNC Router Bits 3D Carving Essential Kit | 1/4" Shank

Contact us at [email protected] for any questions.